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Measuring Poverty (43) How poverty is defined and measured

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Globalisation and Poverty research programme.

A three-year programme of research exploring the linkages between globalisation processes and poverty. This site brings together findings from the research with the best materials on globalisation and poverty from around the world. Funded by DFID and hosted by IDS.

http://www.gapresearch.org/

(Added: Fri Aug 22 2003   Modified: Tue Jun 14 2005   Hits: 710)

Experience with Poverty Reduction Strategies in Latin America and the Caribbean

This report covers the PRSP process in Bolivia, Guyana, Honduras and Nicaragua, the four countries in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region that are part of the enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Country debt relief initiative (HIPC II). An update on the PRS process in some non-HIPC countries (Guatemala, Paraguay, and some Carribean countries) is also included.

http://www.prspsynthesis.org/synthesis5.pdf

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Globalization and Poverty: Implications of South Asian Experience for the Wider Debate

This paper discusses linkages between globalization and poverty in four South Asian countries,drawing upon eight papers prepared for a DFID-supported project. These countries were chosen,in part, because liberalization occurred in these countries in the mid 1980s to early 1990s and was substantial, providing clear globalization shocks as a laboratory experiment to discuss linkage.

http://www.gapresearch.org/production/JJoverview.pdf

(Added: Thu Aug 21 2003   Modified: Tue Jun 14 2005   Hits: 265)

ADB Team Reviews Progress Of Poverty Reduction Scheme

The Financial Express, New Delhi, July 28. An Asian Development Bank (ADB) team headed by Geert van der Linden, special advisor to the Bank president, has concluded discussions with the officials of the finance ministry and Planning Commission with regard to progress of the poverty reduction strategy of the ADB adopted in the year 1999.

http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=39016

(Added: Tue Aug 05 2003   Modified: Tue Jun 14 2005   Hits: 395)

Southern Africa Regional Poverty Network

In February 2001, the Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria (HSRC) was commissioned by the Department for International Development of the British Government (DFID) to establish the Southern African Regional Poverty Network (SARPN). Its purpose is to provide a facility for raising the level and quality of public debate on poverty across the Southern African Development Community - SADC.

http://www.sarpn.org.za/

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Taking a Closer Look at Poverty

From the IDRC. The fight against poverty is fraught with uncertainties. Even the very definition of poverty is elusive: its manifestations and causes vary from country to country; its magnitude fluctuates according to the social and economic context. How to explain why in India, for instance, poverty is high although unemployment is low while the inverse is true in Morocco - or at least, poverty there is not as blatant? And why is it too often true that economic growth in poor countries has done little to reduce poverty - and may in fact have exacerbated it? These are some of the fundamental questions a network of researchers from 12 Asian and African countries has been grappling with. Members of the International Development Research Centre's (IDRC) Micro Impact of Macroeconomic and Adjustment Policies (MIMAP) research network, they have worked for the past decade to develop tools and methods for better understanding the dynamics of poverty. Bringing that information to the attention of decision makers is integral to their mission. The articles in this dossier present some of the activities and some of the people involved.

http://network.idrc.ca/ev.php?URL_ID=26048&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201&reload=1058151529

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The Poverty and Economic Policy (PEP) Research Network

The Poverty and Economic Policy (PEP) Research Network is a newly-created network of researchers working to reduce poverty through the analysis of poverty and related economic policies. The network receives funding from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC).

http://132.203.59.36/PEP/JSP/ECNInternetView.jsp

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If We Cared to, We Could Defeat World Poverty

by Jeffrey D. Sachs and Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, published on Wednesday, July 9, 2003 by the Los Angeles Times (CommonDreams). The great paradox of our time is that the massive suffering of the world's poor - from disease, hunger, unsafe water and more - could be readily overcome with just a modicum of help from the richest countries. For less than 1% of the income of the wealthiest countries each year, the worst afflictions of poverty could be substantially reduced, if not eliminated. Indeed, rich and poor countries have solemnly promised, not just once but at least four times in the last three years, to work to accomplish exactly that: a breakthrough in the elimination of poverty. The greatest puzzle in economic development is not how to alleviate the suffering but how to get rich and poor countries to follow through on their repeated promises.

http://commondreams.org/views03/0709-12.htm

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World poverty fight 'in danger'

By Alex Kirby BBC News Online environment correspondent, Tuesday, 8 July, 2003. The rich world is running dangerously short of time to redeem its promises on helping the poor, the United Nations says. Despite three years of concerted effort, some countries have recently begun to get poorer. On present trends, some African countries will not vanquish poverty until 2165, the UN Development Programme (UNDP) believes. It says poor countries must introduce reforms, while rich ones improve trade and aid.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3052918.stm

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Poverty: The New Internationalist

The New Internationalist edition on poverty. No. 310, March 1999. "A positive magazine about poverty? Perhaps that is going a bit far. But one which wants us to look at poverty differently? Yes."

http://www.newint.org/issue310/contents.htm

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Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor

(World Bank) Climate variability and climate change are serious threats to poverty eradication. While climate change will have global impacts, poor countries and poor people will be most vulnerable because of their high dependence on natural resources that are directly impacted by climate change, their limited capacity -- human, institutional, and financial -- to cope, and, in some cases, their geographical location. Together, with nine other bilateral and multilateral agencies, the Bank is in the process of preparing a paper to initiate a global dialog on how to integrate climate variability and climate change into development. A consultative draft of this paper Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor, 2002 was launched at the Eighth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate change in New Delhi.

http://web.worldbank.org/servlets/ECR?contentMDK=20480614&sitePK=406964

(Added: Wed Jun 11 2003   Modified: Tue Jan 30 2007   Hits: 175)

The war on poverty stays in the shadows

SciDev.Net. By David Dickson, 9 June 2003. Last week's meeting of leaders of the world's top industrialised nations produced some welcome words about the critical importance of helping the developing world, but relatively little action to back them up.

http://www.scidev.net/Editorials/index.cfm?fuseaction=readEditorials&itemid=77&language=1

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The Poverty Monitoring Database

A World Bank database to provide quick access to comprehensive poverty information. The PMDB consists of six sections: one on household surveys, one on PPAs, one on PA summaries, one on social indicators, one with news on upcoming surveys, studies and poverty assessments, and one with links to relevant web sites.

http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/data/povmon.htm

(Added: Thu May 29 2003   Modified: Tue Jun 14 2005   Hits: 191)

Asessment report on: women and poverty, and the economic empowerment of women.

Economic Commission for Africa Sixth African Regional Conference on Women; 22-26 November 1999, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: mid-decade review of the implementation of the Dakar and Beijing platforms for action in the African region by Perpetua Katepa-Kalala NOVEMBER 1999

http://www.uneca.org/eca_resources/Publications/ACW/new/acgd_publications/Women%20and%20poverty.htm

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Comparative Research Programme on Poverty (CROP)

CROP - the Comparative Research Programme on Poverty - is an international NGO initiated by the International Social Science Council (ISSC). The CROP Secretariat is localised at the Centre for International Poverty Research, University of Bergen, Norway. CROP is organised around an extensive international and multi-disciplinary research network, which is open to all poverty researchers and others interested in a scientific approach to poverty. CROP is a response from the academic community to the problem of poverty. CROP concentrates on research. The major aim is to produce sound and reliable knowledge, which can serve as a basis for poverty reduction.

http://www.crop.org/

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Peoples Global Action

From the 23rd to the 26th of February of 1998, grassroots movements of all continents met in Geneva to launch a worldwide coordination network of resistance to the global market, a new alliance of struggle and solidarity called Peoples' Global Action against 'free' trade and the WTO (PGA). That was the birth of this global tool for communication and coordination for all those who fight the destruction of humanity and the planet by capitalism and build local alternatives to globalisation.

http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/en/

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Groups, Social Influences and Inequality: A Memberships Theory Perspective on Poverty Traps (PDF)

By Steven N. Durlauf, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin, 2/15/03. This essay is intended to describe a perspective on poverty traps in which persistence in economic status is generated by group-level influences on individuals. What distinguishes this theory from other explanations of poverty is its emphasis on the role of social, as opposed to individual-level characteristics.

http://www.worldbank.org/research/bios/khoff/manuscripts/ch-durlauf-jan28.pdf

(Added: Mon Apr 14 2003   Modified: Fri Feb 09 2007   Hits: 327)

Globalisation And Dimensions Of Poverty (PDF)

By Olli Tammilehto, FINNIDA, 2003. Deals with the debate between various researchers and institutions concerning the relationship between globalisation and poverty and on the background to their disagreement. This study proceeds mostly on the global level but occasionally it deals with India.

http://global.finland.fi/english/publications/pdf/tammilehto_globalisation.pdf

(Added: Mon Mar 31 2003   Modified: Wed Jun 15 2005   Hits: 471)

What Role for the Multilateral Institutions, Donors, and NGOs in the New Framework for Poverty Eradi

BRIEFING BY: Angela Wood Bretton Woods Project November 1999 This paper considers how the relationships and roles of intenational and national non-governmental organisations, donors and the multilateral institutions are likely to change as a result of new initiatives to put poverty reduction and country ownership at the centre of the development process.

http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/topic/adjustment/npf.html

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MIGRATION AND CHRONIC POVERTY (pdf file)

Uma Kothari March 2002 Institute for Development Policy and Management University of Manchester Working Paper No 16. This paper provides an overview of conceptual understandings of, and methodological research issues on, the relationship between chronic, or long-term, poverty and processes of migration. The paper presents a framework to enable an analysis of social relations and processes of exclusion, and the ways in which these are structured around poverty-related capitals. While livelihood strategies are diverse and multiple, for many poor people, migration represents a central component of these. This paper explores how research can be carried out to examine the characteristics of those who move and those who stay, the processes by which they are compelled or excluded from adopting migration as a livelihood strategy and the circumstances under which migration sustains chronic poverty or presents an opportunity to move out of poverty.

http://www.chronicpoverty.org/pdfs/16Kothari.pdf#search=%22MIGRATION%20AND%20CHRONIC%20POVERTY%20%22

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The Least Developed Countries Report 2002: Escaping the Poverty Trap

The least developed countries (LDCs) are a group of 49 countries that have been identified by the UN as "least developed" in terms of their low GDP per capita, their weak human assets and their high degree of economic vulnerability. This Report is the first international comparative analysis of poverty in the LDCs. It is based on a new set of poverty estimates constructed specifically for the Report. The new estimates enable empirically based analysis of the relationship between poverty, development and globalization, and thereby the elaboration of more effective national and international policies to reduce poverty in the LDCs. The Report shows that extreme poverty is pervasive and persistent in most LDCs, and that the incidence of extreme poverty is highest in those LDCs that are dependent on primary commodity exports. The incidence of poverty is so high because most of the LDCs are caught in an international poverty trap. Download by chapter or the full report (PDF).

http://www.unctad.org/Templates/webflyer.asp?docid=2026&intItemID=1397&lang=1&mode=downloads

(Added: Tue Mar 11 2003   Modified: Wed Jun 15 2005   Hits: 258)

Heaven or Hubris: Reflections on the 'New Poverty Agenda' (PDF)

Development Policy Review, 2003, 21 (1): 5-25. By Simon Maxwell. A new construction on poverty reduction links the Millennium Development Goals, an international consensus on how to reduce poverty, Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, a new set of instruments for delivering aid, and, underpinning the others, results-based management. This new construction has undoubted strengths. There are also cross-cutting risks, that targets will oversimplify, citizenship will be neglected, trade-offs and conflicts of interest will be obscured, macro-economic policy will be neglected, social sectors will be emphasised at the expense of growth policies, and commitment to partnership will degrade into a form of covert conditionality. These risks are not immutable. A way forward is proposed, with a list of six principles and a set of Dos and Don'ts.

http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/dpr/Maxwell.pdf

(Added: Mon Feb 10 2003   Modified: Wed Jun 15 2005   Hits: 340)

Poverty Reduction and and Biodiversity Conservation: The Complex Role for Intensifying Agriculture

By John W. Mellor, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), A Viewpoint Series on Poverty and the Environment. In this paper, noted scholar and agricultural economist John W. Mellor confronts the dilemma of using agricultural intensification as a means of raising incomes of the poor while managing its costs to ecology and enabling biodiversity conservation.

http://www.panda.org/downloads/policy/mellor.pdf

(Added: Fri Jan 17 2003   Modified: Wed Jun 15 2005   Hits: 357)

Sector Wide Programmes And Poverty Reduction

Working Paper 157, November 2001. By Mick Foster & Sadie Mackintosh-Walker, Centre for Aid and Public Expenditure, Overseas Development Institute, UK. This study is based on a review of material on a range of sector programmes selected by the availability of material to the authors. Conclusions drawn are mainly limited to presenting information on how the current generation of SWAps (Sector Wide Approachs) is addressing poverty concerns, and some necessarily tentative judgements on effectiveness. This report was originally commissioned by the Government of Finland on behalf of the likeminded donor group, in order to: Collect information on how effectively sector wide approaches are tackling poverty reduction objectives; Identify some lessons drawn from current good practice on how they can do so more effectively in future. It is a follow up to a previous paper on the Status of SWAps, commissioned by Ireland for the like-minded donor meeting in Dublin in 2000.

http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp157.pdf

(Added: Mon Jan 13 2003   Modified: Wed Jun 15 2005   Hits: 279)

Where are the poor? Experiences with the development and use of poverty maps

(2002), by Norbert Henninger and Mathilde Snel. Poverty mapping - the spatial representation and analysis of indicators of human well-being and poverty - is becoming an increasingly important instrument for investigating and discussing social, economic, and environmental problems. Decision-makers need information tools such as poverty maps to help them identify areas where development lags and where investments in infrastructure and services could have the greatest impact. Once largely the domain of economists and social scientists, poverty maps are now being used by policymakers and many non-governmental entities, including civil society groups, academic institutions, and private businesses. The World Resources Institute (WRI) in collaboration with UNEP/GRID-Arendal has conducted a study examining the uses and impacts of poverty maps. Drawing on case studies from 14 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the report reviews how poverty maps were used and some of the factors constraining their use in a wide variety of geographic and institutional settings. From such experiences come lessons that can guide future poverty mapping initiatives in other countries. Recommendations aimed at national and international actors sketch a plan for sustaining poverty mapping in the countries studied and expanding its frontiers to all developed and developing countries.

http://population.wri.org/pubs_description.cfm?PubID=3758

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