Knowledge Centre : Economy : Economic Disparity And Poverty : Page 8
Categories
- Measuring Poverty (43)
- How poverty is defined and measured
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- Urban Poverty in China and its Contributing Factors, 1986-2000
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Food price increases and the introduction of radical social welfare and enterprise reforms during the 1990s generated significant changes in the lives of urban households in China. This academic paper argues that urban poverty increased significantly over the same timeframe.
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2007.00222.x
(Added: Fri Mar 30 2007 Hits: 202)
- Urban Poverty Research id21
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The latest urban poverty research from id21, a free development research reporting service, bringing you the latest and best UK-resourced research on developing countries.
(Added: Thu Feb 03 2005 Modified: Mon Nov 28 2005 Hits: 265)
- Wealthier and Healthier? China's Recent Health Achievements in Comparative Perspective
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This paper examines whether China's remarkable reduction in income poverty has been accompanied by comparable progress in health. Its findings are fourfold: (a) province-level rates of improvement in life expectancy were higher in the 1990s than in the 1970s and the 1980s, and were lowest in the 1980s. (b) Even in the 1990s, when the province-level rates of improvement in life expectancy were highest, they were lower than for many countries with similar initial life expectancy level (although higher than the average for all such countries). (c) China's life expectancy improvement between 1980 and 2000 was achieved much more quickly by almost all other countries considered, and in particular by most lower middle income countries that had similar life expectancy improvements. Similar conclusions are drawn from an analysis of China's life expectancy improvements relative to two other sets of comparator countries: selected presently rich countries and high-growth East Asian countries. (d) Even those Chinese provinces which performed best over the period experienced rates of improvement that were significantly lower than for comparator countries.
http://search.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=918623
(Added: Tue Apr 17 2007 Hits: 109)
- What is Poverty? [PDF]
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This one-page briefing, produced by the UNDP's International Poverty Centre, provides a succinct summary of Amartya Sen's 'Capabilities' approach to poverty measurement. It briefly covers income and consumption approaches to poverty measurement and explains how the Capabilities Approach overcomes shortfalls in these traditional measures. The article closes by making the case for some sort capabilities based measure to supersede existing $1 and $2 global poverty lines.
http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCOnePager22.pdf
(Added: Fri Sep 22 2006 Hits: 171)
- What Role do NGOs Play in Alleviating Chronic Poverty? (PDF)
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By Emma Harris-Curtis for INTRAC (International NGO Traning and Research Centre)- This paper argues that Northern non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs) are immensely varied in terms of policy, value system and approaches to poverty. A brief exploration is made of approaches to extreme poverty, inclusion and the influences on NGDO policy. Evidence is then taken from the field to explore some NGDOs' engagement in including those often excluded by so-called NGDO development programmes. The gaps between policy and practice of NGDOs is then discussed. A suggestion is made whereby NGDOs might be more inclusive in their policy and their reach to the most poor. This is that rights approaches to development are increasingly being researched and transposed into policy. An explanation of rights approaches and their potential implications for inclusion of the extremely poor then follows. Some examples, experiences and research into the adoption of this approach by Northern NGDOs are then offered. - [PDF]
http://www.interaction.org/files.cgi/2197_E-bulletin_-_September_2003.doc
(Added: Mon Sep 22 2003 Modified: Thu Aug 24 2006 Hits: 562)
- What Role for the Multilateral Institutions, Donors, and NGOs in the New Framework for Poverty Eradi
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BRIEFING BY: Angela Wood Bretton Woods Project November 1999 This paper considers how the relationships and roles of intenational and national non-governmental organisations, donors and the multilateral institutions are likely to change as a result of new initiatives to put poverty reduction and country ownership at the centre of the development process.
http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/topic/adjustment/npf.html
(Added: Mon Mar 31 2003 Modified: Wed Jun 15 2005 Hits: 215)
- Where Are the Jobs that Take People Out of Poverty in Brazil?
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The authors argue that informal sector jobs are lifting people out of poverty faster than employment in the formal sector.(IPC One Pager #61, 2008)
http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCOnePager61.pdf
(Added: Thu Jul 31 2008 Hits: 8)
- Where are the poor? Experiences with the development and use of poverty maps
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(2002), by Norbert Henninger and Mathilde Snel. Poverty mapping - the spatial representation and analysis of indicators of human well-being and poverty - is becoming an increasingly important instrument for investigating and discussing social, economic, and environmental problems. Decision-makers need information tools such as poverty maps to help them identify areas where development lags and where investments in infrastructure and services could have the greatest impact. Once largely the domain of economists and social scientists, poverty maps are now being used by policymakers and many non-governmental entities, including civil society groups, academic institutions, and private businesses. The World Resources Institute (WRI) in collaboration with UNEP/GRID-Arendal has conducted a study examining the uses and impacts of poverty maps. Drawing on case studies from 14 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the report reviews how poverty maps were used and some of the factors constraining their use in a wide variety of geographic and institutional settings. From such experiences come lessons that can guide future poverty mapping initiatives in other countries. Recommendations aimed at national and international actors sketch a plan for sustaining poverty mapping in the countries studied and expanding its frontiers to all developed and developing countries.
http://population.wri.org/pubs_description.cfm?PubID=3758
(Added: Mon Dec 02 2002 Modified: Wed Jun 15 2005 Hits: 273)
- Whistling in the dark: Why the World Bank's latest poverty projections are meaningless
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This artilce finds the World Bank's latest annual Global Economic Prospects report, which sets out the Bank's vision of the global economy until 2030, including its latest projections for poverty, meaningless and plain wrong. On of the reasons is that the World Bank fails to factor in the effects of climate change into the poverty projections. (David Woodward, Jubilee Research at the New Economics Foundation, January 2007)
http://www.jubileeresearch.org/news/Comment%20on%20Global%20Ec%20Prospects%202007.pdf
(Added: Thu Jan 25 2007 Modified: Fri Jan 26 2007 Hits: 221)
- Who Benefits From Land Titling? Lessons from Bolivia and Laos (pdf)
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Households in the developing world are becoming more feminised through the breakdown of marriages, the impact of civil war and HIV/AIDs. This research in Bolivia and Laos PDR shows, despite legal and policy contexts which support equal access to titling for both men and women, women still face significant social, political and cultural constraints to acquiring rights to land. (International Institute for Environment and Development, 2007)
http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdfs/14553IIED.pdf
(Added: Tue Mar 04 2008 Modified: Thu Mar 20 2008 Hits: 100)
- Why development creates poverty
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Development is not only failing to meet its aims to eliminate poverty, it creates poverty and destroys the environment. Traditional, non-monetary societies were usually well fed, and healthy, until their cultural patterns were disrupted by colonisation, and economic development, and the natural environment destroyed. Functions we regard today as economic were previously fulfilled freely for social rather than economic reasons. We must reverse policies causing environmental decline or the planet will become uninhabitable. (Edward Goldsmith, Pacific Ecologist, 2006)
(Added: Thu Nov 02 2006 Hits: 166)
- Why Is the Tax System So Ineffective and Regressive in Latin America?
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This Centre For Development Policy and Research 'Development View Point' argues that one of the key challenges to development in Latin America is that 'the economic elites, which dominate the political economy of much of the region, do not pay taxes that represent a fair share of their incomes.'
http://www.soas.ac.uk/cdpr/publications/dv/44227.pdf
(Added: Thu Jun 19 2008 Hits: 24)
- Will growth halve global poverty by 2015?
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Examines progress towards meeting the international development targets set by OECD/DAC in 1996: to halve the proportion of people living in extreme poverty by 2015.
http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/briefing/pov8.html
(Added: Thu Oct 12 2000 Modified: Tue Jun 14 2005 Hits: 364)
- World Bank Consultations with the Poor National Synthesis Reports
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Informal publications series prepared for Global Synthesis Workshop: Consultations with the Poor, Poverty Group, PREM, Washington, DC.. Countries include: Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulagria, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kyrgyz Republic, Malawi, Nigeria, Russia, Somaliland, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Vietnam and Zambia.
http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/voices/reports.htm#national
(Added: Tue May 16 2000 Modified: Wed Jun 15 2005 Hits: 311)
- World Development Report 2007: Development and the Next Generation
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Developing countries which invest in better education, healthcare, and job training for their record numbers of young people between the ages of 12 and 24 years of age, could produce surging economic growth and sharply reduced poverty. With 1.3 billion young people now living in the developing world-the largest-ever youth group in history-the report says there has never been a better time to invest in youth because they are healthier and better educated than previous generations, and they will join the workforce with fewer dependents because of changing demographics. (World Bank, 16 September 2006)
(Added: Tue Oct 24 2006 Hits: 150)
- World Economic Situation and Prospects 2006: Executive Summary [PDF]
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The World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP) is the United Nations' annual analysis of current developments in the world economy and emerging policy issues. It contains the Secretariat's forecast of short-term global and regional economic trends. It reviews major developments in international trade and it discusses the net transfer of financial resources of developing countries. This year's UN report has few good things to say about the capacity of the world's poorest countries to acheive the Millennium Development Goal of halving extreme poverty by 2015. (United Nations, 2006)
http://www.un.org/esa/policy/wess/wesp2006files/es_2006_english.pdf
(Added: Thu Mar 30 2006 Modified: Thu Jul 13 2006 Hits: 160)
- World income distribution : which way?
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Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm University. Seminar Paper No. 724. Peter Svedberg. September 2003. Over the past few years, a large number of studies have aimed at estimating changes in relative income distribution across countries and globally. Some of the studies find the distribution to have worsened considerably, others that it has become more even. One objective of this article is to identify and quantify the reasons for these conflicting results. Another objective is to highlight the difference between changes in relative and absolute income distribution. While the relative distribution over the entire range of countries seems to have improved somewhat over the past 2-3 decades according to the most relevant indicators, the absolute income gaps between rich and poor countries have widened considerably. It is further demonstrated that these gaps will inevitably continue to grow for many decades to come.
http://www.iies.su.se/publications/seminarpapers/724.pdf
(Added: Fri Jul 09 2004 Modified: Tue Jun 14 2005 Hits: 190)
- World poverty fight 'in danger'
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By Alex Kirby BBC News Online environment correspondent, Tuesday, 8 July, 2003. The rich world is running dangerously short of time to redeem its promises on helping the poor, the United Nations says. Despite three years of concerted effort, some countries have recently begun to get poorer. On present trends, some African countries will not vanquish poverty until 2165, the UN Development Programme (UNDP) believes. It says poor countries must introduce reforms, while rich ones improve trade and aid.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3052918.stm
(Added: Fri Jul 11 2003 Modified: Wed Jan 17 2007 Hits: 310)
