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Bibliography on Official Export Credits (Word 56.0KB)

The following list covers the policy, legal and economic literature on officially supported export credits, credit guarantees, and export insurance. It includes books, journal articles, papers, monographs, and policy notes written over the past 40 years. It is a comprehensive, though not exhaustive, list intended to help those who are doing research on export credit agencies and other aspects of state supported export finance.

http://www.dev-zone.org/downloads/ExportFinanceBiblio.pdf

(Added: Wed Mar 17 2004   Modified: Tue Aug 15 2006   Hits: 410)

Debt sustainability or defensive deterrence?

This paper looks at the mechanics and the internal inconsistencies of the World Bank's policy response to the nascent issue of 'free riding', trying to determine why impoverished developing countries at risk of debt distress may be 'forced' to borrow at non-concessional terms in order to finance MDG investments. Moreover, it looks at who these new lenders are, and tries to establish the consequences of their appearance. China seems to be by far the most important 'new kid on the block' in the lending arena, but there are also other examples of lenders which are offering low conditionality, high cost finance. These include regional institutions such as the Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF), some other export credit agencies, and perhaps private funds. It is extremely interesting to try to assess the impact of the related conditionalities - or rather the lack of these - on recipients' socio-economic balance. (Francesco Oddone, Eurodad, January 2007)

http://www.eurodad.org/uploadstore/cms/docs/Debtsustainabilityordefensivedeterrence.pdf

(Added: Thu Jan 11 2007   Hits: 225)

Diverging Paths: What future for export credit agencies in development finance?

WRI, Jim Harmon, Crescencia Maurer, Jon Sohn and Tomás Carbonell, (2005). Export credit agencies (ECAs) are bilateral public institutions that facilitate financing for home country exporters and investors doing business overseas, particularly in developing countries and emerging market economies. Over the last decade, critics have scrutinized ECA financing decisions from political-economic and sustainable development perspectives, with some questioning the need for ECAs' continued existence. This publication looks closely at ECAs and provides a proposed reform agenda.

http://governance.wri.org/divergingpaths-pub-3930.html

(Added: Tue Nov 01 2005   Hits: 56)

ECA-Watch

Citizens worldwide are increasingly aware of global institutions (like the WTO and the World Bank) and their impacts on the environment and human rights. But other secretive government bodies, export credit agencies, have as big, if not bigger, impacts on the process of globalization. ECA Watch is an organizing and outreach feature of the larger international campaign to reform Export Credit, Finance and Insurance Agencies (ECAs). Participants in the campaign include environment, development, human rights, community, labor, anti-corruption and other non-governmental organizations and bodies. Targets of the ECA campaign include specific ECA-backed projects and ECA policy reforms taking place at national and multilateral levels.

http://www.eca-watch.org/

(Added: Tue Apr 22 2003   Modified: Tue Aug 15 2006   Hits: 350)

Export Credit Agencies Explained

What they are, how they impact development, the environment and human rights, and what the international reform campaign is doing about it. From ECA-Watch.

http://www.eca-watch.org/eca/ecas_explained.html

(Added: Wed May 21 2003   Modified: Thu Sep 22 2005   Hits: 151)

International Regulation of Official Trade Finance: Competition and Collusion in Export Credits and Foreign Aid (Abstract)

(From ECA Watch) Abstract for Peter C. Evans's recently completed PhD dissertation at (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) on the international rules that govern official trade finance. International Regulation of Official Trade Finance: Competition and Collusion in Export Credit and Foreign Aid is the result of five years of research, including field research in France, Germany, Japan, Canada, China and the United States. Among the questions answered in this dissertation are: Why did the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) emerge as the forum of choice for regulating export credits? Why is membership in this regime so selective? Why are the proceedings so secretive? Why are the rules governing official trade finance strong and strictly enforced in some areas but weak or nonexistent in others?

http://www.dev-zone.org/downloads/ECA_DissertationAbstract.pdf

(Added: Wed Sep 14 2005   Modified: Tue Aug 15 2006   Hits: 258)