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MIGRATION AND CHRONIC POVERTY (pdf file)

Uma Kothari March 2002 Institute for Development Policy and Management University of Manchester Working Paper No 16. This paper provides an overview of conceptual understandings of, and methodological research issues on, the relationship between chronic, or long-term, poverty and processes of migration. The paper presents a framework to enable an analysis of social relations and processes of exclusion, and the ways in which these are structured around poverty-related capitals. While livelihood strategies are diverse and multiple, for many poor people, migration represents a central component of these. This paper explores how research can be carried out to examine the characteristics of those who move and those who stay, the processes by which they are compelled or excluded from adopting migration as a livelihood strategy and the circumstances under which migration sustains chronic poverty or presents an opportunity to move out of poverty.

http://www.chronicpoverty.org/pdfs/16Kothari.pdf#search=%22MIGRATION%20AND%20CHRONIC%20POVERTY%20%22

(Added: Wed Mar 12 2003   Modified: Tue Sep 12 2006   Hits: 319)

Mobilizing Talent for Global Developments [pdf]

The study calls for a renewed perspective on the impact of brain drain in developing countries. The study indicates that talent mobility can bring benefits both to host and source countries. (by Andrés Solimano, United Nations University- World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), April 2008)

http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/policy-briefs/en_GB/unupb7-2006/_files/78807313311007385/default/pb7-2006-talent.pdf

(Added: Tue Apr 29 2008   Hits: 35)

OHCHR and Migration

The position of the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is that human rights are at the heart of migration and should be at the forefront of any discussion on migration management and policies. A comprehensive international framework exists and mechanisms have been created in order to monitor States' compliance in promoting and respecting human rights of migrants.

http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/migration/taskforce/index.htm

(Added: Mon Mar 19 2007   Hits: 150)

Poverty, International Migration and Asylum (pdf)

In recent years, the issues of international migration and asylum have risen to the top of the international agenda. The pressures and opportunities linked to the process of globalization have led to an increase in the number of people moving from one country and continent to another. At the same time, insecurity and armed conflict in many of the world's poorest and economically marginalized states have triggered new waves of displaced people. This WIDER Policy Brief explores the different options available for overcoming problems associated with migration, examining issues such as the liberalizing migration policies; protecting refugees in regions of origin; addressing the root causes of migration and refugee flows; influencing perceptions of the costs and benefits of migration; and developing international migration management. While none of these options provides a panacea to the challenges of migration and asylum, they might in combination lead to a more effective and equitable international response to the issue of human mobility.

http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/pb8.pdf

(Added: Fri Apr 16 2004   Modified: Thu Jun 22 2006   Hits: 272)

Protect the rights of all migrants in South Korea

Migrant workers in South Korea are often subjected to human rights abuses by unscrupulous employers as well as by the government. They are denied rights at work, freedom of association, freedom of movement and the right to liberty and security of person. Restrictions are placed on their freedom of movement and they are denied the right to form trade unions. Urge the Prime Minister to change this situation.

http://web.amnesty.org/pages/kor-181206-action-eng

(Added: Fri Jan 12 2007   Modified: Thu Jan 18 2007   Hits: 161)

Protecting Migrant Workers in a Globalized World

In the economic sphere, globalization is not only characterized by liberalization of trade, services, investment, and capital, but also by transnational movements of people in search of better lives and employment opportunities elsewhere. (Migration Information Source, March 1 2005 By Ryszard Cholewinski)

http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=293

(Added: Mon Feb 26 2007   Hits: 86)

Remittances and Labour Mobility: A working paper on seasonal work programs in Australia for Pacific Islanders [PDF]

Using case studies, the report provides an overview of labour mobility in the Pacific, including the increasing importance of remittances to the economies of Pacific Island nations, and their links to development. The debate about seasonal labour migration schemes within Australia is summarized and linked to trade negotiations. The authors discuss some of the negative social and economic impacts, and issues such as regulation and labour rights, that need to be addressed if seasonal labour schemes are to work effectively. (Nic Maclellan and Peter Mares, Pacific Labour and Australian Horticulture Project, Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, April 2006)

http://www.sisr.net/cag/docs/remittances.pdf

(Added: Thu Apr 06 2006   Modified: Mon Jan 15 2007   Hits: 252)

Remittances And Migration

Migrant remittances, defined as transfers of funds from migrants to relatives or friends in their country of origin, have become an increasingly important feature of modern economic life. Remittances are now recognised as an important source of global development finance. They provide much sought after foreign exchange to recipient countries, while supplementing the domestic incomes of millions of poor families across the world. This brief paper outlines the role of remittances in development and includes a list of papers, newsletters and organisations investigating the role of remittances in development. (IDS, 2006)

http://www.livelihoods.org/hot_topics/migration/remittancesindex.html?em=1206#7

(Added: Fri Jan 12 2007   Hits: 99)

Remittances during crises: implications for humanitarian response

This paper is the final product of a two-year study into the role that remittances play in crises. The work explores how affected people use remittance income to survive and recover from crises, the effect that crises can have on remittance flows and the way that humanitarian responses consider the role of remittances (Savage and Harvey, ODI, May 2007).

http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport25.pdf

(Added: Fri Dec 21 2007   Hits: 186)

Sending money home: Can remittances reduce poverty?

At least US$232 billion will be sent back home globally by around 200 million migrants to their families in 2005, three times official development aid (US$78.6 billion dollars). Moreover, migration and remittance experts argue that the unofficial transfers could be as large as formal flows. What impact is this having on poverty reduction? id21 January 2006, insights, Issue #60.

http://www.id21.org/insights/insights60/index.html

(Added: Wed Jan 25 2006   Modified: Mon Jan 15 2007   Hits: 138)

The Hmong: An Uncertain Future in Thailand

Approximately 6,500 Hmong live at the Huay Nam Khao camp in Phetchabun, 4,500 of which arrived in Thailand during the last year. Most paid between bt6,000 and bt30,000 to human traffickers to help them reach Phetchabun, situated in the heart of central Thailand. Human rights watchdog Amnesty International has issued a statement warning that if the group is forced to return to Laos they could face serious human rights violations including torture, ill-treatment and possibility execution. Because the Thai government has been unwilling to declare them as refugees-choosing instead to classify the Hmong as illegal immigrants-UNHCR simply cannot intervene. Consequently, there is a serious lack of food at Huay Nam Khao. (Will Baxter, Torwards Freedom, 21 September 2006)

http://towardfreedom.com/home/content/view/890/

(Added: Mon Sep 25 2006   Hits: 84)

The Netherlands: Discrimination in the Name of Integration

Human Rights Watch offers an analysis of the Dutch overseas integration test in light of the Netherlands' international human rights obligations. Human Rights Watch found that people of Moroccan and Turkish origin are especially affected, while citizens from "western" countries such as Canada, Australia, and Japan are exempt.

http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/2008/netherlands0508/

(Added: Wed May 21 2008   Hits: 30)

The Right to Stay Home

This article by David Bacon explores migrant rights in the indigenous communities of Oaxaca mexico. In particular it focuses on the tension between economic benefit of locals leaving Oaxaca to find work and the social and economic cost this has in Oaxaca.

http://www.truthout.org/article/the-right-stay-home

(Added: Tue Jul 15 2008   Hits: 3)

The UN's 2006 List: Ten things the world should hear more about

Every year, the U.N.'s Department of Public Information unveils its list of the world's 10 most under-reported stories. Those for 2006 are as follows. Liberia: Development challenges top agenda as the nation recovers from years of civil strife. Lost in migration: Asylum seekers face challenges amid efforts to stem flows of illegal migrants. DR of Congo: As the country moves boldly towards historic vote, humanitarian concerns continue to demand attention. Nepal's hidden tragedy: Children caught in the conflict. Somalia: Security vacuum compounding effects of drought. Protracted refugee situations: Millions caught in limbo, with no solutions in sight. South Asian earthquake: Relief effort saves lives, stems losses, but reconstruction tasks loom large. Behind bars, beyond justice: An untold story of children in conflict with the law. From water wars to bridges of cooperation: Exploring the peace-building potential of a shared resource. Cote d'Ivoire: A strike away from igniting violence amidst a faltering peace process. (UN, 15 May 2006)

http://www0.un.org/events/tenstories/

(Added: Fri May 19 2006   Modified: Fri Sep 01 2006   Hits: 346)

To Stem Flow of Immigrants, Stem Free Trade

According to this article, the ongoing debate on the fate of some 11 million undocumented immigrants in the US continues to ignore the structural issues that have forced millions to leave their homes. Free-trade agreements like NAFTA promised to bring more jobs, trade surpluses, and an increased standard of living to member countries, but the reality is altogether different. Far from providing a "level playing field", NAFTA has been a death warrant for small farmers, placing small Mexican farmers at a sharp disadvantage with respect to the US. Should we blame the victims of free trade-agreements, or should we ensure that as long as capital and goods can move freely across borders, so can the hungry, the destitute, and the dispossessed? (Anuradha Mittal, Oakland Institute, July 2006)

http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/?q=node/view/355

(Added: Thu Jul 20 2006   Hits: 87)

Towards a Fair Deal for Migrant Workers in the Global Economy (PDF)

International Labour Office, Geneva, 2004. Close to half of all migrants and refugees worldwide - or some 86 million adults - are economically active, employed or otherwise engaged in remunerative activity, according to a International Labour Office (ILO) report. "If you look at the global economy from the perspective of people, its biggest structural failure is the inability to create enough jobs where people live", said ILO Director-General, Juan Somavia. "We should consider ways of providing decent work to this vast flow of migrants through multilateral actions and policies." The number of migrants increased by some six million a year during the 1990s, according to data available for the report. If all the 175 million international migrants recorded by year 2000 were to form a single political entity, they would represent the world's fifth most populous country. What's more the report also says that the number of migrants crossing borders in search of employment and human security is expected to increase rapidly in the coming decades due to the failure of globalization to provide jobs and economic opportunities.

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc92/pdf/rep-vi.pdf

(Added: Mon May 24 2004   Modified: Mon Nov 14 2005   Hits: 135)

UNFPA State of World Population 2006: A Passage of Hope - Women and International Migration

Every year millions of women working millions of jobs overseas send hundreds of millions of dollars in remittance funds back to their homes and communities. These funds go to fill hungry bellies, clothe and educate children, provide health care and generally improve living standards for loved ones left behind. For many women, migration opens doors to a new world of greater equality, relief from oppression and the discrimination that limits freedom and stunts potential. For origin and receiving countries, the contribution of women migrants can quite literally transform quality of life. This dedication, however, comes at a cost-for migration also has its dark side. From the modern-day enslavement of trafficking victims to the exploitation of domestic workers, millions of female migrants face hazards that testify to a lack of adequate opportunities to migrate safely and legally. Women are migrating and will continue to do so. Their needs are urgent and deserve priority attention. (UNFPA, September 2006)

http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2006/english/introduction.html

(Added: Thu Sep 07 2006   Modified: Fri Sep 08 2006   Hits: 128)

Unprotected Migrants: Zimbabweans in South Africa's Limpopo Province

This 54-page report, documents how state officials arrest, detain and deport undocumented foreign migrants in ways that flout South Africa's immigration law. It also documents how commercial farmers ignore basic employment law protections even when they employ documented foreign migrants. (Human Rights Watch, August 2006)

http://hrw.org/reports/2006/southafrica0806/index.htm

(Added: Tue Aug 08 2006   Modified: Thu Jan 18 2007   Hits: 181)

Wage War on Poverty, Not Immigrants

As 500 000 protesters hit the streets of American cities this week to protest the tightening of immigration laws, Jesse Jackson argues that the only way to stop the flood of immigrants is to fight the poverty in Mexico that forces people to leave their homes in search of work. (By Jess Jackson, Chicago Sun Times, 28 March 2006, on CommonDreams.org)

http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0328-34.htm

(Added: Wed Mar 29 2006   Modified: Thu Jun 01 2006   Hits: 71)

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